However, after the period of intense thawing, lowering of groundwater level and huge surface water fluctuations may occur, potentially resulting in a decrease in the total vegetated area on lacustrine and riverine terraces in the Eastern Pamir. Thus, the wetlands may temporarily maintain their cold, wet and mesic characteristics under the changing climatic conditions and, as such, potentially become refugia for steppe and meadow species. This effect is probably caused by thawing of ground ice and permafrost, whose occurrence helps mitigate the effects of the ongoing warming and lessening precipitation. Both meteorological data and satellite data on open water area indicated that with growing temperatures, areas of the studied lakes and small water bodies in the vegetation mosaic increase. Presently, the biodiversity of the studied wetlands comprises 110 species of vascular plants from 26 families, forming ten distinct vegetation types, over 40 recorded species are typical for steppes and various types of alpine meadows. To perform this assessment, we analyzed current spatial structure and species diversity of vegetation accompanying selected water bodies in the studied catchments, identified present changes in temperature and precipitation in these catchments and analyzed alterations in area of lakes and small water bodies located in the vegetation mosaic. Such species currently occur typically in less moist habitats, often located at lower elevations (e.g. Considering high variation in micro-relief and complexity of water supplies observed in these wetlands, we assessed their potential to play a role of refugia for species whose present ranges may be limited by climate changes projected for Central Asia. They play several important roles, including that of water sources and forage grounds for people and their livestock. High-altitude wetlands in the Eastern Pamir are habitat islands located in an arid landscape. The results indicate that the POA has superiority in solving the EM problem. According to HDDR with POA technique results, a total reduction in peak hours’ load is about 14.6% in the first test system and 7.6% in the second test system. Two distinct MG test systems are examined the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid dynamic demand response (HDDR) with the proposed POA is demonstrated by comparing its simulation results to those of well-known metaheuristics and newly developed algorithms. Furthermore, Peak reduction percentage (PRP) was employed to show MG's reliability enhancement. Also instead of using predetermined or specifying fixed hours as peak hours, the proposed hybrid DR technique is a dynamic technique based on the load profile and the average load value. Applying the conventional IDR (CIDR) for optimal operation leads to customers curtailments to be in off-peak hours. Reliability is achieved by applying the Hybrid technique to encourage customers to reduce their consumption during peak hours. To achieve the optimal operation of the MG, a Hybrid DRP is proposed, based on Incentive-based Demand response (IDR) to reduce the peak load and to ensure MG reliability. To maximize the MG operator (MGO) benefit and to reduce the overall operating cost, including the cost of conventional generator fuel and power transaction cost, multi-objective optimization is formulated. It is recommended to consider the shrinkage of upholstery fabric before placing your order.This paper proposes a new application of Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA) for optimal Energy Management (EM) in Microgrid (MG) considering Demand Response program (DRP). If you have larger windows, you may want to purchase an extra amount of drapery fabrics to consider the additional width of the windows.īedding and table linens are fabric pieces that are often washed due to their consistent use. When creating your own window hangings or coverings without drapery fabrics, you need to consider a liner as well as a fabric for design and decoration. It will benefit you to wash all fabric beforehand. Do not forget about seam allowances! Also, consider upholstery fabric shrinkage if you are expecting to wash your slip cover. If ordering discount upholstery fabric for a slip cover, please be sure to precisely measure your sofa, chair, ottoman, or chaise lounge. When purchasing designer upholstery fabric through Toto Fabrics, please consider purchasing an extra yard of fabric to cover those accessories. The fabric repeat allowance chart above does not take the armrest covers, self-lined skirts, or pillow backs into consideration.
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